From: Terry Devine <tdevine@mitre.org>
Subject: Re: Fortran or Ada?
Date: 1998/10/05
Date: 1998-10-05T00:00:00+00:00 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <36194979.2FE3@mitre.org> (raw)
In-Reply-To: Pine.GSO.3.95.980930004116.19512A-100000@holyrood.ed.ac.uk
Daniel Barker wrote:
>
> `In the language of everyday life it very often happens that the same word
> signifies in two different ways - and therefore belongs to two different
> symbols - or that two words, which signify in different ways, are
> apparently applied in the same way in the proposition.
>
> `Thus the word "is" appears as the copula, as the sign of equality, and as
> the expression of existence; "to exist" as an intransitive verb like "to
> go"; "identical" as an adjective; we speak of SOMETHING but also of the
> fact of SOMETHING happening.
"That depends on what the definition of "is" is."
-- William Jefferson Clinton
>
> `(In the proposition "Green is green" - where the first word is a proper
> name and the last an adjective - these words have not merely different
> meanings but they are DIFFERENT SYMBOLS.)
>
> `Thus there easily arise the most fundamental confusions (of which the
> whole of philosophy is full).
>
> `In order to avoid these errors, we must employ a symbolism which excludes
> them, by not applying the same sign in different symbols and by not
> applying signs in the same way which signify in different ways. A
> symbolism, that is to say, which obeys the rules of LOGICAL grammar - of
> logical syntax.
>
> `(The logical symbolism of Frege and Russell is such a language, which,
> however, does still not exclude all errors.)
>
> `In order to recognize the symbol in the sign we must consider the
> significant use.
>
> `The sign determines a logical form only together with its logical
> syntactic application.
>
> `If a sign is NOT NECESSARY then it is meaningless. That is the meaning of
> Occam's razor.'
>
> - Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, propositions 3.323-3.328.
>
> (Capitals used in place of italics. Translation is the original 1922
> version, by Ogden, which had Wittgenstein's approval. Published in London
> & New York by by Routledge; reprinted 1996.)
>
> If I may veer into another language, C - and thus justify adding another
> news group to the `to' line -
>
> #include <stdio.h>
> main()
> {
> int a[100]; /* `a' means array */
> printf("%p\n", a); /* `a' means pointer */
> a = a + 1; /* ILLEGAL, since `a' means array again */
> }
>
> `a' here means two different things:
>
> (1) an array of 100 normal-width integers;
> (2) a pointer to a normal-width integer (in fact, to the first integer in
> an array of 100 such).
>
> To say that, in the call to printf(), the first thing is implicitly
> converted to the second thing is to linguistically `work around' the basic
> problem, that `a' has two meanings. Meaning (2) can also be expressed as
>
> &a[0]
>
> So, the example reveals two faults in the C language. Namely, that `a', as
> a local variable in one function, can have two meanings; and also that one
> of these meanings is may be expressed by either of two symbols. This is a
> crying shame! Why does `a' have two meanings, when, given the possibility
> of `&a[0]', one would have sufficed without reducing the functionality of
> the language?
>
> The answer is historical, as revealed by an interesting paper, "The
> Development of the C Language" by Dennis Ritchie, available from Dennis
> Ritchie's home page, http://plan9.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/index.html.
>
> Daniel Barker,
> Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology,
> Swann Building,
> King's Buildings,
> Mayfield Road,
> Edinburgh
> EH9 3JR
> UK
next prev parent reply other threads:[~1998-10-05 0:00 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 96+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
[not found] <36068E73.F0398C54@meca.polymtl.ca>
1998-09-22 0:00 ` Fortran or Ada? Gisle S{lensminde
1998-09-22 0:00 ` Jeff Templon
1998-09-22 0:00 ` Rakesh Malhotra
1998-09-22 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-23 0:00 ` Jeff Templon
1998-09-23 0:00 ` Corey Minyard
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Craig Burley
1998-09-25 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-25 0:00 ` Jonathan Guthrie
1998-09-26 0:00 ` Craig Burley
1998-09-26 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-26 0:00 ` Craig Burley
1998-09-26 0:00 ` Robert B. Love
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Joel Seidman
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Marc A. Criley
1998-09-24 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Robert I. Eachus
1998-09-24 0:00 ` William Clodius
1998-09-25 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-25 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-25 0:00 ` Robert I. Eachus
1998-09-25 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-25 0:00 ` jbs
1998-09-26 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-28 0:00 ` jbs
1998-09-29 0:00 ` Dean F. Sutherland
1998-09-29 0:00 ` Gautier.DeMontmollin
1998-09-29 0:00 ` Dean F. Sutherland
1998-09-29 0:00 ` William B. Clodius
1998-09-30 0:00 ` jbs
1998-09-30 0:00 ` William Clodius
1998-09-30 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-09-30 0:00 ` jbs
1998-09-30 0:00 ` William Clodius
1998-10-03 0:00 ` Niklas Holsti
1998-10-03 0:00 ` Toon Moene
1998-10-03 0:00 ` Niklas Holsti
1998-10-03 0:00 ` Toon Moene
1998-10-04 0:00 ` Niklas Holsti
1998-10-05 0:00 ` Michel OLAGNON
1998-10-05 0:00 ` Ian St. John
1998-10-05 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-10-05 0:00 ` Ian St. John
1998-10-06 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-10-06 0:00 ` James Giles
1998-10-06 0:00 ` Mark A Biggar
1998-10-06 0:00 ` James Giles
1998-10-07 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-10-07 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-10-06 0:00 ` Ian St. John
1998-10-08 0:00 ` Gary L. Scott
1998-10-08 0:00 ` Offtopic Airport Diversion (Was: Fortran or Ada?) Harold Stevens ** PLEASE SEE SIG **
1998-10-08 0:00 ` Ian St. John
1998-10-06 0:00 ` Fortran or Ada? Toon Moene
1998-10-06 0:00 ` Jonathan Guthrie
1998-10-05 0:00 ` Richard D Riehle
1998-10-05 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-10-06 0:00 ` Michel OLAGNON
1998-10-07 0:00 ` Ian St. John
1998-09-29 0:00 ` Dean F. Sutherland
1998-10-02 0:00 ` Robert I. Eachus
1998-10-02 0:00 ` jbs
1998-10-02 0:00 ` William Clodius
1998-10-03 0:00 ` jbs
1998-10-03 0:00 ` Larry Elmore
1998-10-06 0:00 ` Robert I. Eachus
1998-10-06 0:00 ` Pat Rogers
1998-10-02 0:00 ` Geoff Bull
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Jeff Templon
1998-09-25 0:00 ` Dale Stanbrough
1998-09-30 0:00 ` Daniel Barker
1998-09-30 0:00 ` Lawrence Kirby
1998-10-01 0:00 ` Aaron Crane
1998-10-02 0:00 ` Fortran or Ada or gobbledygook? Wes Groleau
1998-10-05 0:00 ` Terry Devine [this message]
1998-09-25 0:00 ` Fortran or Ada? dewarr
[not found] ` <6udre0$ha1$1@nnrp1.dejane <6utg60$h6l$1@nnrp1.dejanews.com>
1998-10-01 0:00 ` robin_v
1998-09-22 0:00 ` Corey Minyard
1998-09-22 0:00 ` Larry Kilgallen
1998-09-23 0:00 ` Frank Ecke
1998-09-23 0:00 ` bglbv
1998-09-23 0:00 ` Robert I. Eachus
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Richard D Riehle
1998-09-23 0:00 Marin David Condic, 561.796.8997, M/S 731-96
1998-09-23 0:00 ` Gisle S{lensminde
1998-09-24 0:00 ` John McCabe
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Dean F. Sutherland
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Gisle S{lensminde
1998-09-24 0:00 ` Samuel T. Harris
-- strict thread matches above, loose matches on Subject: below --
1998-09-23 0:00 Marin David Condic, 561.796.8997, M/S 731-96
1998-09-24 0:00 Walt Brainerd
1998-09-25 0:00 ` Robert I. Eachus
1998-09-25 0:00 ` dewarr
1998-10-05 0:00 robin
1998-10-05 0:00 Condic, Marin D.
1998-10-05 0:00 Robert I. Eachus
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