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From: matthew_heaney@acm.org (Matthew Heaney)
Subject: Re: Are global or persistent variables in ADA?
Date: 1998/05/01
Message-ID: <matthew_heaney-ya023680000105980844230001@news.ni.net>#1/1
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Date: 1998-05-01T00:00:00+00:00
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In article <35420cc3.0@news.pacifier.com>, "Steve Doiel"
<nospam_steved@pacifier.com> wrote:

(start of quote)
Fully global variables are
declared inside of a package spec (IMHO not a good practice).
(end of quote)

One idiom where "global" variables do make sense is in the construction of
a subsystem, a complex abstraction that comprises several packages, ie

package P is

   <this is the public interface of the abstraction>

end P;

private package P.Q is

   O : T;
   --
   -- O is a "global" variable, shared by children of P.  However, it is only
   -- global with the subsystem rooted at P.

end P.Q;

with P.Q;
package body P.R is

   ... Q.O ...

end P.R;

This is a handy technique to use when you have data shared among many
modules in a subsystem; perhaps a semaphore or something.

Another example of having a global data, not even in a private package,
would be a storage pool object.  You may decide that all access types in an
application will use a non-default storage pool that you've defined, ie

package Storage_Pools is

   type XYZ_Storage_Pool is
      new Root_Storage_Pool with ...;

   Pool : Storage_Pool;

end Storage_Pools;

As a matter a fact, I did something like this in some B-trees I just wrote. 
One technique I like to use is to pass in a storage pool object to a
dynamic memory manager abstraction, ie

with System.Storage_Pools;

generic

   System_Storage_Pool : in out System.Storage_Pools.Root_Storage_Pool'Class;

package ACL.Trees.Storage.BPlus_Tree.Dynamic_G is

   pragma Elaborate_Body;

   type Dynamic_Storage_Pool is
     new Root_Storage_Pool with private;
...


package body ACL.Trees.Storage.BPlus_Tree.Dynamic_G is

   type Dynamic_Page_Access is
      access all Page_Base;

   for Dynamic_Page_Access'Storage_Pool use System_Storage_Pool;


And I instantiate it as follows:

with ACL.Trees.Storage.BPlus_Tree.Dynamic_G;

package BPlus.Storage.Dynamic is
   new BPlus.Storage.Dynamic_G (BPlus.Storage.Page_Access'Storage_Pool);
 
where I simply use the pool associated with another, already-existing
access type.


Actually, I do declare a global storage pool object, that I use to
instantiate the B-tree iteself;


with BPlus.Storage.Dynamic; use BPlus.Storage.Dynamic;

package BPlus.Storage_Pools is

   Pool : Dynamic_Storage_Pool;

end;

with Ada.Finalization;
with ACL.Trees.Storage.BPlus_Tree;

generic

   type B_Tree_Item is private;

   with function "=" (L, R : B_Tree_Item) return Boolean is <>;
...
   with package Storage is
    new ACL.Trees.Storage.BPlus_Tree
     (B_Tree_Item,
      B_Tree_Item_Array,
      B_Tree_Key,
      B_Tree_Key_Array,
      Index_Order,
      Sequence_Order);

   type B_Tree_Storage_Pool is
     new Storage.Root_Storage_Pool with private;

   Storage_Pool : in out B_Tree_Storage_Pool;  -- pass in storage pool object
 ...


with ACL.Trees.BPlus_Trees;
with BPlus.Searches;        use BPlus.Searches;
with BPlus.Storage.Dynamic;
with BPlus.Storage_Pools;

package BPlus.Trees is
  new ACL.Trees.BPlus_Trees
  (B_Tree_Item => Integer,
   B_Tree_Item_Array => Searches.B_Tree_Item_Array,
   B_Tree_Key => Integer,
   B_Tree_Key_Array => Searches.B_Tree_Key_Array,
   Index_Order => Index_Order,
   Sequence_Order => Sequence_Order,
   Storage => BPlus.Storage,
   B_Tree_Storage_Pool => BPlus.Storage.Dynamic.Dynamic_Storage_Pool,
   Storage_Pool => Storage_Pools.Pool,   -- there it is...
   Get_Key => BPlus.Get_Key);


So, from global data isn't necessarily bad, and is often required for
declaring static, system-wide data.