From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on polar.synack.me X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.9 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 X-Google-Language: ENGLISH,ASCII-7-bit X-Google-Thread: 103376,22c9fbc37d426c0c X-Google-Attributes: gid103376,public X-Google-ArrivalTime: 2003-08-04 17:28:48 PST Path: archiver1.google.com!postnews1.google.com!not-for-mail From: aek@vib.usr.pu.ru (Alexander Kopilovitch) Newsgroups: comp.lang.ada Subject: Re: F22 Raptor in slashdot.org Date: 4 Aug 2003 17:28:47 -0700 Organization: http://groups.google.com/ Message-ID: References: <3F2E566A.1A7F@mail.ru> <5ad0dd8a.0308040442.2879be18@posting.google.com> NNTP-Posting-Host: 62.152.82.212 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Trace: posting.google.com 1060043328 21044 127.0.0.1 (5 Aug 2003 00:28:48 GMT) X-Complaints-To: groups-abuse@google.com NNTP-Posting-Date: 5 Aug 2003 00:28:48 GMT Xref: archiver1.google.com comp.lang.ada:41183 Date: 2003-08-05T00:28:48+00:00 List-Id: Wojtek Narczynski) wrote: > ... I guess many people, definitely including > me, would love to hear what has been used to create software for > russian space programmes and aircrafts. Little information is > publically available about this. Well, although I certainly don't know anything concrete about Soviet/Russian space programmes (thanks God -;) and their software, nevertheless with indirect information from many different sources I'm sure that most of the software (especially before 1970) was created using assemblers, and probably often quite rudimentary assemblers... it is even quite possible that some part of the software was created directly in machine code, that is, without any assembler. Note that the Soviet military and space computers those times were incompatible with Western computers, and there were very few programmers skilled enough for creating good compilers (decade of calling cybernetics "a prostitute for imperialism" had significant consequences). At the same time there were plenty of good mathematicians. So, perhaps, good mathematics and near-perfect algorithms compensated for hardships and inefficiency of assembly (and octal code) programming and debugging. Alexander Kopilovitch aek@vib.usr.pu.ru Saint-Petersburg Russia