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From: dewar@merv.cs.nyu.edu (Robert Dewar)
Subject: Re: Ada and Automotive Industry
Date: 1996/11/15
Message-ID: <dewar.848071187@merv>#1/1
X-Deja-AN: 196842993
references: <3280DA96.15FB@hso.link.com> <1996Nov6.210957.3070@ole.cdac.com>
 <EACHUS.96Nov7203951@spectre.mitre.org> <1996Nov8.183051.21638@ole.cdac.com>
organization: New York University
newsgroups: comp.lang.ada,comp.realtime
Date: 1996-11-15T00:00:00+00:00
List-Id: <comp.lang.ada>


one more thought on 

   for i in 1 .. 10 loop

it is almost always a mistake in a programming language like Ada to
introduce shortcut notations that are supposedly helpful. In the short
run it may save a little bit of writing and make the language a little
easier to initially handle, but in the long run it causes confusion.

Another example in Ada is the

   x : array (1 .. 10) of ...

which again defaults to type Integer. Given that we generally accept
that it is a bad idea for programs to use the built in Integer type,
it is quite inappropriate to have this kind of default. Typing is
pretty central to Ada, and anyone who refuses to type things is
going to be unhappy, an their unhappeiness will not be assuaged by
kludges of this type.

With respect to the array notation, it is ALWAYS a bad idea to take
advantage of this. If for some reason you want type Integer say so:

   x : array (Integer range 1 .. 10) of ..

This will immediately draw attention to the fact that you are introducing
the use of a potentially implementation dependent type into your code.

For an example from another language of similar thinking, consider Algol-68.
The notion of references and the unification of variables and poitners are
central to the design of this language (some love it, some hate it, but that
is a different story).

The point is that you cannot write in Algol-68 without a clear understanding
of the reference concept.

This means that an ordinary integer variable is in fact of "reference to
integer" type (ref int in algolese).

Consequently, one would expect that the normal way of declaring an
uninitialized variable would be

    ref int x;

but in a fit of trying to be more accomodating to people used to Pascal
or Algol or Fortran or gosh-knows-what, the Algol-68 design uses the
shorthand

    int x;

to declare x as a variable of type ref int. This saves a bit of ink, and
makes the program superficailly more similar to other familiar languages,
but in the long run, it causes huge confusion and was a mistake!

Trying to make language X friendly to foreign syntactic and semantic
thinking imported from language Y is a risky occupation

(substitute X = C++ and Y = C for a more familiar example,
 or X = JAVA and Y = C++)