From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on polar.synack.me X-Spam-Level: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-1.9 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_00 autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 X-Google-Language: ENGLISH,ASCII-7-bit X-Google-Thread: 1073c2,6a1e9ea04b2e5096,start X-Google-Attributes: gid1073c2,public X-Google-Thread: fdb77,6a1e9ea04b2e5096,start X-Google-Attributes: gidfdb77,public X-Google-Thread: 101deb,6a1e9ea04b2e5096,start X-Google-Attributes: gid101deb,public X-Google-Thread: 103376,6a1e9ea04b2e5096,start X-Google-Attributes: gid103376,public X-Google-Thread: 10a146,6a1e9ea04b2e5096,start X-Google-Attributes: gid10a146,public X-Google-ArrivalTime: 2001-06-25 08:37:07 PST Path: archiver1.google.com!newsfeed.google.com!newsfeed.stanford.edu!news-spur1.maxwell.syr.edu!news.maxwell.syr.edu!news.stealth.net!intgwpad.nntp.telstra.net!newsfeeds.bigpond.com!not-for-mail From: robin Newsgroups: comp.lang.ada,comp.lang.java.programmer,comp.lang.pl1,comp.lang.vrml,comp.lang.java.advocacy Subject: Re: Early Computers (was Market pressures for more reliable software) Message-ID: Date: Mon, 25 Jun 2001 15:22:22 GMT NNTP-Posting-Host: 144.134.49.153 X-Trace: newsfeeds.bigpond.com 993482542 144.134.49.153 (Tue, 26 Jun 2001 01:22:22 EST) NNTP-Posting-Date: Tue, 26 Jun 2001 01:22:22 EST Organization: Telstra BigPond Internet Services (http://www.bigpond.com) Xref: archiver1.google.com comp.lang.ada:9091 comp.lang.java.programmer:78579 comp.lang.pl1:1125 comp.lang.vrml:3911 comp.lang.java.advocacy:21908 Date: 2001-06-25T15:22:22+00:00 List-Id: "Gary Labowitz" writes: > Most shops in the early days were > centralized computing. And most of those were centralized development as > well. [Definition: centralized -- a single computer at a centralized > location. All computing is done on that computer. Users go physically to > that computer site and either submit jobs directly to the machine, being > given time on the machine to use it, or submit jobs to a checkpoint from > which operators submit the jobs for the user. If the site was large enough > to have several computers they were clustered in the same general area and > users selected which of the computers would be used for their individual > jobs.] Multiple computers were not always situated in the one place, although some sites that had *identical* systems had them together for backup and maintenance purposes. > I can remember back to 1962 (when I started with IBM) but built my first > computer in 1956. And what was that? > Your turn. > Gary