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Date: 1 Sep 93 16:43:28 GMT
From: dog.ee.lbl.gov!network.ucsd.edu!news.cerf.net!shrike.irvine.com!adam@ucbv
ax.Berkeley.EDU  (Adam Beneschan)
Subject: Re: Unchecked_Conversion question
Message-ID: <CCop4H.Hz8@irvine.com>
List-Id: <comp.lang.ada>

In article <1993Sep1.154715.10498@Rapnet.Sanders.Lockheed.Com> lvonrude@Rapnet.
Sanders.Lockheed.Com (Lowell S. VonRuden x5294) writes:

>   I am doing something that seems to work using a Verdix compiler, but I
>   have not been able to determine if this is something that will be safely
>   transportable.  Hopefully, someone here can tell me.
>
>   I have a 32 bit value coming in from an external interface as an
>   integer, which I am mapping to an enumeration type.  The enumeration
>   type has representation clauses for both size (Integer'Size) and
>   implementation values.  Assigning the result of an unchecked conversion
>   from the integer to an object of the enumeration type doesn't raise any
>   exception if the integer is out of range for the enumeration type
>   representation.  I found that if I do an explicit conversion of the
>   enumeration object to its type, then the range gets checked.
>
>   procedure Sample (Int : Integer) is
>
>     type Enum is (AAA, BBB, CCC, DDD);
>     for  Enum use (AAA=> 1,
>                    BBB=> 2,
>                    CCC=> 13,
>                    DDD=> 14);
>     for  Enum'Size use Integer'Size;
>
>     function Convert is new Unchecked_Conversion (Source => Integer,
>                                                   Target => Enum);
>   begin
>
>     E := Convert (Int);  -- no exception raised here if Int is out of range
>
>     E := Enum (Convert (Int));  -- this does raise constraint error if
>                                 -- Int is out of range
>
>   end Sample;
>
>
>   So, is this a dependable thing to do?

I don't think so.

In fact, I'm surprised that your two statements generate different
code at all.  After all, Convert is a function that returns an Enum,
so saying Enum(X) as a type conversion should be a no-op.  I would
guess that many compilers would recognize this, and not generate any
constraint checking code when "converting" an object to an object of
the exact same type.  

I don't such a check is required by the LRM, either.  I believe that
if you say

    X : Enum;
...
   ... Enum(X) ...

the compiler is allowed to assume that "X" contains a valid Enum
value, and therefore the compiler can determine that no range check is
required.  Similarly:

    type Int10 is range 1..10;
    type Int20 is range 1..20;
    X : Int10;
    Y : Int20;
...
    Y := Int20 (X);

The compiler can assume that X is in the range 1..10, and therefore no
checking is required to convert it to an Int20.  If X happens to have
an out-of-range value (due to lack of initialization, data overlays,
or other tricks), tough luck.  I may have my facts wrong, but I
believe there's an AI that relates to this issue.  Somebody please
correct me if I'm wrong.

Anyway, if you want a more dependable version, try this:

  procedure Sample (Int : Integer) is

    type Enum is (AAA, BBB, CCC, DDD);
    for  Enum use (AAA=> 1,
                   BBB=> 2,
                   CCC=> 13,
                   DDD=> 14);
    for  Enum'Size use Integer'Size;

    function Convert is new Unchecked_Conversion (Source => Integer,
                                                  Target => Enum);
    function Convert_To_Integer is new 
        Unchecked_Conversion (Source => Enum, Target => Integer);
    Enum_Low  : constant Integer := Convert_To_Integer (Enum'first);
    Enum_High : constant Integer := Convert_To_Integer (Enum'last);
  begin

    if Int not in Enum_Low .. Enum_High then
      raise Constraint_Error;   -- or whatever
    end if;
    E := Convert (Int);  

  end Sample;


Or, if you want to make sure that Int is a valid Enum:

    Valid := False;
    for E in Enum loop
      if Int = Convert_To_Integer (E) then
        Valid := True;
        exit;
      end if;
    end loop;
    if not Valid then
      raise Constraint_Error;
    end if;



                                -- Adam