"i.a.mcleod" a �crit dans le message news: Zmt56.57012$ca6.937797@news6-win.server.ntlworld.com... > What is the difference between In Out and Out parameters according to the > way compilers handle these. I can't see any difference. An out parameter > is still taken in. I am confused by this anyone help? > There is a huge difference. Consider: procedure P (X : out Some_Type); By looking at the specification (NOT the body), I can tell that the procedure cannot rely on the previous value of the parameter, and therefore that it is safe to call it to initialize an unitialized variable, whose value can be invalid. I could not assume this with an in out parameter. -- --------------------------------------------------------- J-P. Rosen (Rosen.Adalog@wanadoo.fr) Visit Adalog's web site at http://pro.wanadoo.fr/adalog