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From: Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid>
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Subject: Re: In precision typing we trust
Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 01:51:17 -0700
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"Dmitry A. Kazakov" <mailbox@dmitry-kazakov.de> writes:
>> It also has metaclasses.
>> Because classes, like functions, are first-class objects.
>
> A useless thing in an untyped language and in general one should first
> question what could be the purpose of a set of a set of types?

Python metaclasses let you specify what is supposed to happen when you
instantiate a class, and that sort of thing.  I.e. it's about runtime
behaviour.

> Provided one could implement that thing (let's ignore pitiful Python),
> What algorithmic problems one could solve with that?

Types in general aren't for solving algorithmic problems.  Thus the
Turing tarpit.  Types are for being able to enforce rules about program
behaviour.

This is still worth reading:

https://cdsmith.wordpress.com/2011/01/09/an-old-article-i-wrote/