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From: David Thompson <dave.thompson2@verizon.net>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.ada
Subject: Re: Questions about socket programming
Date: Mon, 12 Jan 2015 15:33:11 -0500
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Date: 2015-01-12T15:33:11-05:00
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On Wed, 24 Dec 2014 20:02:42 -0800, Hubert <herrdoktor@fumanchu.com>
wrote:

> Thanks, I downloaded the package now and check it out. Can you tell me 
> if the server package handles long data as well? I understand that the 
> basic socket send() function sends only as much as fits into the 
> outgoing buffer and has to be called multiple times for large data 
> blocks, whereupon the recieve() function must be called multiple times 
> as well and the original datablock then reassembled by the application. 
> Does your server handle that scenario and return the original large 
> datablock or is that left for the application as well?
> 
TCP is a stream protocol. Do not assume that each send on one side
corresponds to one recv on the other side; that may work in a test lab
with two high-end machines connected by a single uncongested and
error-free high-speed LAN. In the real internet data may be split up,
combined, or both, usually in ways that depend on fluctuating and
unreproducable conditions in places you can't measure.

Always design TCP apps so that they either treat data as a stream
(which TELNET does) or any needed "records" are self-delimiting --
common methods are terminating chars like CRLF in SMTP/NNTP and FTP
commands and HTTP headers, prefix length fields like SSL/TLS, SSH, and
modern HTTP data, or  closing the TCP connection where there is only
one record like old HTTP or basic FTP.

If you want record boundaries preserved, use newer (and rarer) SCTP
instead. Or use UDP if you need records but can live with fairly small
limits (possibly as small as about 512 bytes), and possible loss,
duplication and reordering.