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From: Adam Beneschan <adam@irvine.com>
Newsgroups: comp.lang.ada
Subject: Re: why this construct causes aliasing problem in 2012 with functions
 allowing In Out?
Date: Wed, 20 Jun 2012 07:56:12 -0700 (PDT)
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Date: 2012-06-20T07:56:12-07:00
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On Wednesday, June 20, 2012 1:24:11 AM UTC-7, Nasser M. Abbasi wrote:
> looking at http://www.slideshare.net/AdaCore/ada-2012
> 
> (typing it myself looking at the screen)
> 
> --------------------------
> function change(x,y : in out integer) return integer is
>   begin
>    x := x*2;
>    y := y*4;
>    return x+y;
>   end
> 
>   one , two : integer :=1;
>   begin
>     two := change(one,two)+ change(one,two);  -->
> end
> -----------------------------
> 
> They say it will generate
> 
> warning: result may differ if evaluated after actual in expression.
> 
> I understand that the order of calls in the A()+B() is not defined.
> i.e. A() can be called first, then B(), or B() first then A().
> 
> But the result should still be the same either way. So what
> is the problem?

Obviously, it *would* be a problem if you said

    two := change(one,two) - change(one,two);

The language is designed to try to minimize order dependencies that could produce different results.  Asking it to make special cases for commutative operators when both operands are identical expressions, is asking too much.

It looks to me like whoever wrote that slide should have used "-" (or some other function) instead of "+", to avoid any possible confusion in people who realize that the order doesn't matter in this case.

                            -- Adam